“While you can’t control your experiences, you can control your explanations.”
― Martin E.P. Seligman
Much is often said of the optimism of youth and that such a person is optimistic and another person is pessimistic, as if they are both something we have as innate abilities, like being funny or courageous or creative. Much of what we see as personality traits are in fact based on learnable, practicable skills. It all depends on knowing the underlying behaviours and thinking patterns that bring about said optimism or pessimism.
In his book Learned Optimism, How to Change Your Mind and Your Life, Martin E. P. Seligman, Ph.D lays out his evidence for the theory that optimism can be learned and that pessimism left unchecked can make us feel helpless, which is the essence of depression; depression is essentially prolonged helplessness. The root cause of both pessimism and optimism is how we explain bad experiences and good experiences to ourselves, how we explain failure and success.
I will let Martin E. P. Seligman explain this is their own words. “The optimists and the pessimists: I have been studying them for the past twenty-five years. The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe bad events will last a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own fault. The optimists, who are confronted with the same hard knocks of this world, think about misfortune in the opposite way. They tend to believe defeat is just a temporary setback, that its causes are confined to this one case. The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: Circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are unfazed by defeat. Confronted by a bad situation, they perceive it as a challenge and try harder.”
So, how do you explain misfortune to yourself, do you say things like “why does this always happen to me?” The emphasis on the always will make it seem like the misfortune will happen again and again and that it all your fault. The language we use to explain misfortune to ourselves matters, because seeing misfortune as permanent, pervasive and our fault makes us feel helpless, with no way to make things better. If we begin to train our thinking to explain misfortune as temporary, specific and caused by factors outside of ourselves then we build our skill of optimism.
Optimists, according to Martin E. P. Seligman’s research, also see success as permanent, pervasive and created by themselves, and pessimists see success in the opposite way. A simple flip of how we explain misfortune and success changes everything, and we go from pessimistic to optimistic. However, the way we explain the events in our lives has been developed and somewhat hard wired into our brains from childhood. It is not a quick process to changes our thinking, but it is possible through repetition.
It helps to monitor how we explain the events in our lives and keeping a journal to document our explanatory style (pessimistic or optimistic) and to create language that develops optimistic thinking can change it over time. This is positive, it means that your success and failure are in your hands. It means that you can develop bulletproof optimism that will lead to a happier and more joyful life full of successes and, ultimately, a more fulfilling life. So, take back control over your life through your explanations of what happens in it and make it a life well lived.